Token-2022とは - SPL Tokenとの違いと拡張機能について

送金額: 100トークン
手数料率: 1%
→ 受取人: 99トークン
→ 発行者: 1トークン（手数料として自動徴収）

sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.anza.xyz/stable/install)"

# ターミナル1: バリデータを起動
solana-test-validator
# または
surfpool start

# ターミナル2: localnetに接続設定
solana config set --url localhost

# テスト用SOLを取得
solana airdrop 10

pnpm add @solana/kit @solana-program/system @solana-program/token-2022

src/
├── index.ts           # エクスポート
├── types.ts           # 型定義
└── utils/
│   ├── connection.ts  # 1. RPC接続
│   └── keypair.ts     # 2. キーペア管理
├── mint.ts            # 3. Mint作成
├── account.ts         # 4. ATA操作
└── transfer.ts        # 5. 発行・送金

import { createSolanaRpc, createSolanaRpcSubscriptions } from '@solana/kit'

export const LOCALNET_HTTP = 'http://127.0.0.1:8899'
export const LOCALNET_WS = 'ws://127.0.0.1:8900'

export const createConnection = (httpUrl: string = LOCALNET_HTTP, wsUrl: string = LOCALNET_WS) => ({
  rpc: createSolanaRpc(httpUrl),
  rpcSubscriptions: createSolanaRpcSubscriptions(wsUrl),
})

export const createLocalnetConnection = () => createConnection(LOCALNET_HTTP, LOCALNET_WS)

import {
  createKeyPairSignerFromBytes,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  type KeyPairSigner,
} from '@solana/kit'
import { readFile } from 'fs/promises'

export const createKeypair = async (): Promise<KeyPairSigner> => {
  return generateKeyPairSigner()
}

export const loadKeypairFromFile = async (filePath: string): Promise<KeyPairSigner> => {
  const fileContent = await readFile(filePath, 'utf-8')
  const secretKey = new Uint8Array(JSON.parse(fileContent))
  return createKeyPairSignerFromBytes(secretKey)
}

export const loadDefaultKeypair = async (): Promise<KeyPairSigner> => {
  const homeDir = process.env.HOME || process.env.USERPROFILE || ''
  const defaultPath = `${homeDir}/.config/solana/id.json`
  return loadKeypairFromFile(defaultPath)
}

import {
  appendTransactionMessageInstructions,
  createTransactionMessage,
  generateKeyPairSigner,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  pipe,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner,
  setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
} from '@solana/kit'
import { getCreateAccountInstruction } from '@solana-program/system'
import {
  getMintSize,
  getInitializeMint2Instruction,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
} from '@solana-program/token-2022'

export const createMint = async ({
  connection,
  payer,
  mintAuthority,
  freezeAuthority,
  decimals = 9,
}) => {
  const { rpc, rpcSubscriptions } = connection

  // 1. Mint用のキーペアを生成
  const mint = await generateKeyPairSigner()

  // 2. Mintアカウントに必要なスペースとrentを計算
  const mintSpace = BigInt(getMintSize())
  const mintRent = await rpc.getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption(mintSpace).send()

  // 3. アカウント作成のInstruction
  const createAccountInstruction = getCreateAccountInstruction({
    payer,
    newAccount: mint,
    lamports: mintRent,
    space: mintSpace,
    programAddress: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS, // SPL Tokenとの違い
  })

  // 4. Mint初期化のInstruction
  const initializeMintInstruction = getInitializeMint2Instruction({
    mint: mint.address,
    decimals,
    mintAuthority,
    freezeAuthority: freezeAuthority ?? null,
  })

  // 5. 最新のブロックハッシュを取得
  const { value: latestBlockhash } = await rpc.getLatestBlockhash().send()

  // 6. トランザクションメッセージを構築（pipeパターン）
  const transactionMessage = pipe(
    createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),
    (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(payer, tx),
    (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),
    (tx) =>
      appendTransactionMessageInstructions(
        [createAccountInstruction, initializeMintInstruction],
        tx,
      ),
  )

  // 7. 署名
  const signedTransaction = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(transactionMessage)

  // 8. 送信・確認
  const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({
    rpc,
    rpcSubscriptions,
  })

  await sendAndConfirm(signedTransaction, { commitment: 'confirmed' })

  const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signedTransaction)

  return { mint, signature }
}

const transactionMessage = pipe(
  createTransactionMessage({ version: 0 }),      // 1. 空のメッセージ作成
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageFeePayerSigner(payer, tx),  // 2. 手数料支払者設定
  (tx) => setTransactionMessageLifetimeUsingBlockhash(latestBlockhash, tx),  // 3. 有効期限設定
  (tx) => appendTransactionMessageInstructions([...], tx),  // 4. 命令追加
);

import {
  findAssociatedTokenPda,
  getCreateAssociatedTokenIdempotentInstructionAsync,
  TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
} from '@solana-program/token-2022'

export const findAta = async (mint, owner) => {
  const [ata] = await findAssociatedTokenPda({
    mint,
    owner,
    tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
  })
  return ata
}

export const getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount = async ({ connection, payer, mint, owner }) => {
  const { rpc, rpcSubscriptions } = connection

  const ata = await findAta(mint, owner)

  // Idempotent版を使うと、既存の場合はスキップ
  const createAtaInstruction = await getCreateAssociatedTokenIdempotentInstructionAsync({
    payer,
    owner,
    mint,
    ata,
    tokenProgram: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ADDRESS,
  })

  // ... トランザクション構築・送信（省略）

  return { ata, signature }
}

import { getMintToInstruction } from '@solana-program/token-2022'

export const mintTo = async ({ connection, payer, mint, destination, authority, amount }) => {
  const { rpc, rpcSubscriptions } = connection

  const mintToInstruction = getMintToInstruction({
    mint,
    token: destination,      // 発行先のトークンアカウント（ATA）
    mintAuthority: authority, // MintAuthorityの署名
    amount, // BigIntを使用
  })

  // ... トランザクション構築・送信（省略）

  return signature
}

import {
  createLocalnetConnection,
  loadDefaultKeypair,
  createMint,
  getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount,
  mintTo,
} from '../src/index.js'

const main = async () => {
  // 1. 接続とキーペアの準備
  const connection = createLocalnetConnection()
  const payer = await loadDefaultKeypair()

  console.log('Payer:', payer.address)

  // 2. Mintの作成
  const { mint } = await createMint({
    connection,
    payer,
    mintAuthority: payer.address,
    decimals: 9,
  })

  console.log('Mint created:', mint.address)

  // 3. ATAの作成
  const { ata } = await getOrCreateAssociatedTokenAccount({
    connection,
    payer,
    mint: mint.address,
    owner: payer.address,
  })

  console.log('ATA:', ata)

  // 4. トークンの発行（100トークン）
  await mintTo({
    connection,
    payer,
    mint: mint.address,
    destination: ata,
    authority: payer,
    amount: 100n * 10n ** 9n,
  })

  console.log('Minted 100 tokens!')
}

main().catch(console.error)